REGIONAL FESTIVALS

REGIONAL FESTIVALS

v Hariyana: Bhai Duj, Suraj Kund Craft Mela, Baisakhi

v Assam: Goru, Parasuram Mela, Akshatami Mela, Bihu, Tabal Chomli

v Punjab: Lohri, Kikka, Gidda(dance), Karva Chauth, Baisakhi

v Gujrat: Ramlila, Navaratri, Madhabrai, Tarnetar Fair, International Kite Festival (Ahmedabad), Bhavnath Festival, International Yoga Festival

v Arunachal Pradesh: Vasa-Vasa, Loku, Katrena, Chivera, Solungaram

v Rajasthan: Puskar Fair, Brahma Utsav, Teej, Gangaur Festival, Cattle Fair

v Tripura: Garia Puja, Tripureswari Temple Festival, Karchi Puja

v Uttar Pradesh: Dashera, Ram Nabami, BanYatra

v Uttarakhand: Shravan Utsab

v Odisha: Car Festival, Kumar Purnima

v Delhi: Hazarat Nazimuddin Christian Mela

v Goa: St. Xevier’s Festival, Carnival Festival, Gokul Astomi

v Himachal Pradesh: Minjor Mela, Jwalamukhi Mela

v Jammu & Kashmir: Kitchi Mela, Amabasya, Hemis Gumpha Mela

v Bihar: Sharul, Teej, Chautha, Karma Utsav, Chat, Animal Fair

v Jharkhand: Sharul, Teej, Chautha, Karma Utsav

v West Bengal: Ban Biwbi Puja, Kalpataru Utsav

v Kerala: Onaam, Snake Boat Festival, Poonam, Sabrimala

v Maharastra: Ganapati Festival, Sivaji Festival, Naoraj, Gudi Padwa

v Sikkim: Chaita Dasai

v Mizoram: Kut

v Chattishgarh: Pola

v Manipur: Rashlila

v Karnataka: Feast of Sent Phenomena, Makor Sankranti, Ugadi, Karga

v Tamilnadu: Pongal, Thaigraj Utsav, Brahma Shavam, Ekadosi, Karthika, Baikuntha, Floating Festival

v Andhra Pradesh: Pongal, Thaigraj Utsav, Brahma Shavam, Ekadoshi, Karthika, Boikuntha

PREAMBLE

PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AND TO SECURE TO ALL ITS CITIZENS:

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity;

and to promote among them all ---

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Nation;

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY THIS TWENTY SIXTH day of November 1949, do HEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

·         Concept has been taken from USA.

·         Language has been taken from France.

·         The Preamble is a preface or an introductory part of the Indian Constitution or a key to understand the constitution.

·         The basic structure of the constitution has been stated under the Preamble.

·         Indian Preamble is based on J.L. Nehru’s “Objective Resolution.”

·         It was moved by Mr. Nehru on 13^th December.

·         It was adopted by the assembly on 22^nd January 1947.

·         Preamble is non-judiciable.

·         Indian Preamble has been amended only once by 42^nd Amendment Act, 1976.

·         By the 42^nd Amendment Act three words have been added to the preamble, by the recommendation of Saran Singh Committee: Socialist, Secular and Integrity

·         The source of authority of Indian Constitution is people of India.

·         According to the preamble the nature of Indian at the commandment of the constitution of Sovereign, Democratic & Republic

·         Indian Constitution has a preamble – it indicates that it is written.

·         Sovereign: It refers to the absolute power of the Government of the Country.

o   Sovereign is two types: Internal and External

i)           Internal Sovereignty: It means the law of the states ultimate and absolute within the territory of the state and all the citizens have to obey the law.

ii)         External Sovereignty: It means India is independent and is not controlled by other countries and nations.

·         Socialist: It is added by 42^nd amendment Act, 1976. It refers to a system where all means of production and distribution shall be controlled by the state. But the Indian brand of socialism is “Democratic Socialism” where the public and private sector co-exist side by side that is mix-economy. The main purposed of democratic socialism is to reduce inequality between the rich and the poor.

·         Secular: It is added by 42^nd Amendment Act, 1976. It refers to equal respect and equal protection of all religions by the Government.

o   The state has no specific religion

o   The state shall be neutral or impercial towards all religions.

·         Democratic: It refers to a system of administration where the people can participle in the Government activities. It signifies that the Government of India must be ran by the elected representative of the people on the basis of universal adult franchises.

·         Republic: It refers to a system of administration where the head of the country will be elected.

o   It signifies that India has an elected head (President) which elected indirectly for a period of 5 years (Republic is the opposite of Monarchy).

·         Justice: It is three types – Social, Economic and Political

o   Social Justice refers to the equal treatment of all citizens without any social distinction on the basis of cast, colour, race, religion or sex.

o   Economic Justice refers to the elimination of inequality in wealth, income and property.

o   Political Justice refers that all the citizens should share equal political rights (the ideal of justice has been taken from Russian Revolution, 1917)

·         Liberty:  It means the absent of the restraints on the activities of the individual and at the same time providing opportunities for the development of individual.

·         Equality: It means the absence special privileges to section of sociality.

·         Fraternity: It means the sense of brotherhood. It assure the dignity of the individuals and unity and integrity of the nation. (The ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity have been taken from French Revolution, 1789)

Ø    Comments:

           ü  “The Preamble is the horoscope of our sovereign democratic republic.” – K.N. Munshi

           ü  “Preamble is the keynote of the Indian Constitution.” – Sir Earnest Barker

           ü  “Preamble is the soul of Constitution.” – Thakur Das Bhargab

           ü  “Preamble is the paradise of lawyers” – M.V. Pellai

___________________________

Some Important Questions & Answers on Indian Constitution

1.     When was the Indian Regulation Act came into existence?

Ans. 1773

2.     When was the Pitts India Act introduced?

Ans. 1784

3.     The separation of judiciary from administration was introduced for the 1^st time by which Act?

Ans. Indian Regulation Act

4.     The post of the Governor General was established through which Act?

Ans. Govt. of India Act, 1858

5.     The East India Company was abolished by which Act?

Ans. Govt. of India Act, 1858

6.     Which types of powers introduced by Govt. of India Act, 1935

Ans. Reserved and Transferred

7.     The Peel Committee was set up in which year?

Ans. 1916

8.     Diarchy was introduced in the provinces in which year?

Ans. 1919

9.     In which year was formation of regional party come into existence?

Ans. 1921

10.  When was the 1^st meeting of Constituent Assembly held in Delhi?

Ans. 9^th December, 1946

11.  Who was the ‘temporary’ or ‘inaugurate’ president of Constituent Assembly?

Ans. Sachidananda Sinha

12. When was Rajendra Prasad elected as permanent president of Constituent Assembly?

Ans. 11^th December, 1946

13. How many members were there in Constituent Assembly?

Ans. 389

14.  How many members were there in Constituent Assembly from Princely States?

Ans. 93

15.  How many members were there in Constituent Assembly from Commissioner’s Provinces?

Ans. 4

16.  By how many committees were The Constituent Assembly worked through?

Ans. 22 Committees

17. Who was the Constitutional Advisor of Constituent Assembly?

Ans. Sri Benegal Narsing Rao

18. Who introduced the Objective Resolution of Preamble?

Ans. Pandit Jawhar Lal Nehru

19.  J.L. Nehru introduced Objective Resolution in which year?

Ans. 13^th December, 1946

20.  When was the Objective Resolution adopted by Constituent Assembly?

Ans. 22^nd January, 1947

21.  When was the Drafting Committee set up?

Ans. 29^th August, 1947

22.  Who was the Chairman of Drafting Committee?

Ans. Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar

23.  Who was the only Muslim Member of Drafting Committee?

Ans. Sir Syed Muhammed Saadulla

24. How many members were there in Drafting Committee?

Ans. 7

25.  When did the Drafting Committee start to prepare Constitution?

Ans. 4^th November, 1947

26.  When did the Drafting Committee finish the draft of Constitution?

Ans. 21^st February, 1948

27.  Indian Constituent was actually ready/adopted in which year?

Ans. 26^th November, 1949

28.  Indian Constituent was come into force in India in which year?

Ans. 26^th January, 1950

29. What is the chief recommendation of Peel Committee?

Ans. To set up a federal structure

30.   India got her independence through which act?

Ans. Indian Independence Act

31.  Mount Batten Plan is known as:

Ans. June 3^rd Plan

32. How many articles were there in our Constitution?

Ans. 395

33. How many articles are there in our Constitution?

Ans. 448

34.  How many schedules were there in our Constitution?

Ans. 8

35. How many schedules are there in our Constitution?

Ans. 12

36. How many parts were there in our Constitution?

Ans. 22

37.  How many parts are there in our Constitution?

Ans. 24

38.  How long time was it taken to prepare the Constitution?

Ans. 2 years 11 months and 17 days

39.  What was the expenditure amount to prepare the Constitution?

Ans. Nearly 64 Lakhs

40.  When did Cabinet Mission come to India?

Ans. 1946

41. How many members were there in Cabinet Mission?

Ans. 3

42.Who were the members of Cabinet Mission?

           Ans. Sir Stafford Cripps, A.V. Alexander and Pathik Lawrence

43.Who was the Chairman of Cabinet Mission?

           Ans. Sir Pathik Lawrence

44.Through which Plan did India get her freedom (independence)?

           Ans. Mountbatten Plan

45.Morley-Minto Reforms Act was come into existence in which year?

           Ans. 1909

46.In which year did the Montague Chelmsford Report come into existence?

           Ans. 1919