Thursday, February 7, 2019

CHRONOLOGICALLY MODERN INDIAN HISTORY AND INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT (AD1700 – AD 1948)

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1700:Death of Rajaram and accession of Svivaji – II with tarabai as Regent                              Foundation of – Fort William by the East India Company

1707:Death of Aurangzeb – died at Ahmednagar, Buried at Aurangabad
          Battle Jajau – accession of Bahadur Shah – I
          Release of Shahu from Mughal Capitivity
          Beginning of Maratha Civil War (between Shahu and Tarabai)

1708:Death of Gru Gobind Singh
Battle of Khed & occupation of Satara by Shahu
Coronation of Shahu as –‘Chatrapati’ [Granted title of ‘Senakarte’ to – Balaji Vishwanth]

1712: Death of Bahadur Shah – I, Accession fo Jahandar Shah

1713: Murder of Jahandar Shah, Accession of Farukh Siyar

1713 - 1720: Peshwaship of Balaji Vishwanath

1714: Final defeat and imprisonment of Tarabai by Shahu, resulting in the end of the Maratha Civil war Hussain Ali became viceroy of Decan.
          Treaty between Hussain Ali and the Marathas

1716: Sikh Leader ‘Banda’ was killed by the order of the Mughal Emperor – Faruk Siyar

1717: Faruk Siyar’s Fireman to East India Company granting them right to trade in Bengal without tax or ‘Dastak’
          Murshid Kuli Khan appointed as Subadar in Bengal & he established independent Nawabi in Bengal

1719: Farukh Siyar put death – Successive accession and deposition of puppet emperors – Accession of Muhammad Shah
          Conclusion of an agreement between Balaji Vishwanath and the Sayad Brothers

1720: Fall of the Sayad Brothers

1720-1740: Peshwaship of Baji Rao – I [Beginning of the system of Maratha Confederacy & Northward expansion of the Marathas]

1722: Appointment of Sa’dat Khan as governor of Oudh

1724: Nizam-Ul_muk founded – Independent State of Hyderabad, [City of Hyderabad was founded by – Md. Kuli Kutub Shah]
          Qamaruddin – appointed as ‘Wazir’

1728: Sadat Khan (Burhan-Ul-Mulk) founded – Independent State of Oudh [but his dynasty remained loyal to Delhi till 8th generation]

1739: 24th Feb – Battle of Karnal – Nadir Shah, ruler of Persia defeated Mohammad Shah, the Mughal Emperor Nadir Shah sacked Delhi
          Death of Shuja-Ud-Din – his son, Sarfaraz appointed as the governor of Bengal

1740: 10th April – Battle of Gheria – Alivardi Khan defeated and killed Sarfaraz Khan and became Nawab of Bengal
          Treaty of Shalimar – between Nadir Shah and Muhammad Shah

1740 – 1761: Peshwaship of Balaji Baji Rao (Nana Saheb)
          [Further expansion of Maratha power and influence]

1742: Marathas invaded Bengal
          Appointment of Dupleix as Governor of Pondicherry

1744 – 1748: 1st Anglo – French War (Carnatic War)

1745:
          Rohillas in occupation of Roilkhand

1746:
          Capture of Madras by – La Bourdonnais

1747:
          1st invasion of Ahmed-Shah Abdali in India (He was also called – ‘Durrani’)

1748:
          Death of – Nizam Chinquilich Khan
          Death of – Emperor Muhamamd Shah, Accession of Ahmed Shah

1749:
          Death of Shahu
          Peshwas became all powerful
          Restoration of Madras to the English

1749 – 1754:
          2nd Carnatic War

1750:
          Defeat and death of – Nizam Nasir Jang. Mujaffar Jang became Nizam

1751:
          Capture and defence of Arcot by – Robert Clive
          Death of Nasir Jang. Accession of Salabat Jang as Nizam
          Conclusion of treaty by Nawab Alivardi with the Marathas by surrendering Cuttack

1754:
          Recall of Dupleix, Godehu’s appointment as Governor and his treaty with the English
          Accession of Alamgir – II

1756: 21st  April - Death of Alivardi Khna; 
           Siraj-ud-Daula became Nawab of Bengal
           20th June - Siraj captured Calcutta and renamed it 'Alinagar'
           [Black Hole Tragedy is rumored to have occurred during this captured]

1757:
          2nd Jan – Recovery of Calcutta by the British
          Jan- Delhi & Mathura sacked by – Ahmed Shah Abdali
          9th Feb – Treaty of Alinagar – between Robert Clive & Siraj-ud-Daula
          March – British capture Chandernagore
          23rd June – Battle of Palassey
          Mir-Madan, Siraj’s General was killed in the battle field
          Siraj was defeated, arrested and later executed 92nd July)
          British East India Company emerged as powerful entity in Bengal
          28th June – Mir Zafar installed as Nawab of Bengal
          Mughal Emperor – Alamgir-II

1758 – 1763:
          3rd Carnatic War

1758:
          Arrival of Lally in India
          Occupation of the Punjab by the Marathas
          Masulipatnam captured by – Forde

1759:
          Bettle of Bidera – British Company (under Robert Clive) defeated Dutch Company
          Prince Ali Gauhar’s futile invasion of Bihar
          Emperor Alamgir – II murdered by Ghazi-ud-din

1760:
          22nd Jan – Battle of Wandiwash – British General Eyre Coote defeated French Governer Count Lally
          Battle of Udgir
          Vansittart appointed as Governor of Bengal
          Mir Qashim became the Nawab of Bengal (also known as ‘Bloodless Revolution’)

1761:
          14th Jan – 3rd Battle of Panipath – Between Marathas & Afgans under Ahmed Shah Abdali
          Marathas were badly defeated
          End of Maratha Supremacy
          Death of Peshwa Balaji Baji Rao
          Surrender of Pondicherry – by French to the English
          Accession of Ali Gauhar as Emperor Shah Alam – II
          Appointment of Shuja-ud-Daulla as – ‘Wazir’
          Haider Ali became King of Mysore

1763:
          Mir Qasim Driven out of Bengal and Bihar

1764:
          Battle of Buxar – English General Hector Munro defeated combined forces of Mir Qashim, Oudh (Suja-ud-Daula) and Mughal Emperor – Shah Alam-II

1765:
          Death of Mir Zafar
          Clive’s Second Governorship (1765-69)
          Treaty of Allahabad between Robert Clive and Shah Alam-II
          Granting Diwani of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa to English East India Company
          Dual System of Government was introduced.

1766: Acquisition by the company of the Northern Circars

1766-69: 1st Mysore War

1767: Departure of Clive – Verelest became Governor in Bengal

1770: The Great Bengal Famine (Bengali:1176)
          Warren Hastings abolished – Dual System of Government

1772: Warren Hastings – appointed Governor of Bengal
          Death of Peshwa Maddhava Rao – Accession & murder of Peshwa Narayan Rao

1773: Regulating Act of 1772 (This Act was created by British Parliament)
          Peashwaship of Raghunath Rao or ‘Raghoba’

1774: Accession of Narayan Rao as Peshwa
          The Rohilla War
          Warren Hastings installed Governor General
          Supreme Court was established in Calcutta [Elizah Impey was the 1st judge of Supreme Court]

1775: Hanging of – Raja Nandakumar (1st Judicial Murder)

1775 – 82: 1st Anglo-Maratha war started

1776: Treaty of Purandhar

1778: AMINI Commission – appointed about – Land Revenue System

1779: Convention of Wadgaon.
          Anglo-Mysore War

1780: Gwalior captured by – General Popham
          2nd Anglo-Mysore War started (1780-84)
          Death of Haider Ali (1782)
          Treaty of Mangalore (1784)

1781: Deposition of Chait Singh
          Amendment of the Regulating Act
          Calcutta Madrasah founded by – Warren Hastings

1782: Affair of the Begums of Oudh
          Treaty of Salbai between Warren Hastings & Mahadaji Schindhia
          Death of Haider Ali

1783: Fox’s India Bill

1784: Treaty of Mangalore between Tipu Sultan and East India Company
          Foundation of Royal Asiatic Society by Sir William Jones in Calcutta
          Pitt’s India Act
          Foundation of Board of Control

1785: Warren Hastings resigned from Governor Generalship

1786: Lord Cornwallis appointed Governor General

1789: French Revolution

1790: 3rd Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92)

1791: Sanskrit College of Benaras founded by Jonathan Duncan

1792: Treaty of Srirangapattanam between Tipu & Lord Cornwallis
          Ranjit Singh became leader of the Sikh ‘misi’

1793: Permanent Settlement in Benal by Cornwallis
          Renewal of Company’s charter
          Retirement of Cornwallis John Shore became the new Governor General

1794: Death of Mahadaji Schindhia

1795: Battle of Kharda or Khardla
          Death of Ahalya Bai

1796: Death of Peshwa Madhav Rao.
          New Peshwa – Baji Rao – II

1797: Zaman Shah in Punjab
          Death of Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula of Oudh

1798: Lord Wellesley became the new Governor General
          Subsidiary Alliance by Lord Wellesley [Sadat Ali, the Nizam of Hyderabad was first to accept it]

1799: 4th Anglo-Mysore War
          Tipu was killed
          Siege of Srirangapatnam
          Partition of Mysore
          Hindu king installed in Mysore
          Ranjit Singh appointed Governor of Punjab by Zaman Shah
          Malcom led English mission to Persia

1800: Lord Wellesley established – Fort William College at Calcutta
          William Carry, Marshman and William Ward (TRIO of Serapore) founded – Serampore Baptist Missionary
          Death of Nana Phadnavis

1801: Carnatic aneexed to the British Empire

1802: Battle of Poona – Treaty of Bessin by Lord Wellesley and Baji Rao – II

1803: 2nd Maratha War (1803-05)
          Capture of Aligarh
          Bettles of Delhi, Assaye, Laswari & Argaon
          Treaty of Surji Arjungaon

1804: War with the Holkars – defeat of Monsoon
          Battle of Deeg

1805: Failure of the English siege of Bharatpur
          Recall of Wellesley – 2nd term of Lord Cornwallis as Governor General.
          Death of Lord Cornwallis.
          Sir George Burlow became new Governor General
          Treaty with the Holkars.

1806: Vellore Mutiny

1807: Lord Minto – I appointed as Governor General (1807-13)

1808: English missions to Persia under Malcom and to Kabul under Elephinstone

1809: Treaty of Amritsar between the English and Ranjit Singh

1813: Company’s Charter renewed
          Retirement of Lord Minto – I
          Appointment of Lord Hastings as Governor General (1813-23)

1814: Outbreak of war with Nepal (1814-16)

1816: Treaty of Sagauli – Closed war with Nepal

1817-18: The Pindari war and the 3rd Maratha war
          Battles of Kirkee and Sitabaldi
          Deposition of Appa Sahed Bhonsle
          Battle of Mahidpur – Treaty with the Holkars

1818: Battle of Asthi, defense of Koregaon. Surrender of Peshwa Baji Rao – II

1819: Capitulation of Asirgarh
          Abolition of Peshwaship and retirement of Baji Rao – II in Bithur as British pensioner
          Protective alliance with the states of Rajputana


1820: Appointment of Sir Thomas Munro as Governor of Madras (1820-27)

1823: Departure of Lord Hastings.
          Mr. Adams became acting Governor General.
          Lord Amherst became new Governor General

1824: 1st Burmese War (1824-26)
          Barrackpore Mutiny

1826: Fall of Bharatpur
          Treaty of yandabo
          Annexation of Assam, Arakan and Tennaserim

1827: The Enterprise – A man-of-war propelled by steam, lay off Madras

1828: Lord William Bentinck appointed Governor General (1828-36)

1829 – 37: Suppression of Thuggee

1830: Annexation of Cachar
          Raja Rammohan Roy visited England

1831: Deposition of Raja of Mysore and Assumption of it’s administration by the British
          Journey of Burnes upto Indus
          Meeting between Ranjit Singh and Lord William Bentinck

1832: Annexation of Jaintia

1833: Renewal of Company’s charter, various reforms
          Death of Rammohan

1834: Annexation of Coorg
          Institution of law members in Supreme Council with Lord Macaulay as the first incumbent.

1835: Foundation of Calcutta Medical College
          Education resolution
          Retirement of Lord William Bentinck
          Charles Metcalfe officiating Governor General
          Abolition of Press restriction

1836: Appointment of Lord Auckland as Governor General (1836042)

1837-38: Famine in North India

1838: Tripartite treaty of the English with Shah Suja & Ranjit Singh

1839: New treaty forced on the Amirs of Sind
          Death of Ranjit Singh
          1st Afghan War (1839-42)
          Capture of Ghazni and occupation of Kabul

1840: Rising Afghan tribes
          Deposition of Dost Muhammad

1841: Murder of Burnes and Macnaghten by the afghan
1842: British disaster in Afghanistan
          Retirement to Jalalabad of Dr. Brydon alone
          Relief of Jalalabad
          Reoccupation of Kabul
          Restoration of Dost Muhammad
          British evacuation of Afghanistan
          Lord Ellenborough became Governor General

1843: War with the Amirs of Sind; Battle of Miani & Dabo;
          Annexation of Sind
          Battle of Maharajapur
          Suppression of Slavery

1844: Recall of Lord Ellenborough
          Lord Hardinge became Governor General (1844-48)

1845: 1st Sikh War (1845-46)
          Battle of Muki and Ferozpur

1846: Battles of Aliwal & Sobraon
          Treaty of Lahore

1848: Lord Dalhousie became Governor General (1848-56)
          Revolt of Mulraj
          2nd Sikh War (1848-49)
          Enunciation of Doctrine of Lapse and annexation of Satara

1849: Battles of chillianwalla and Gujrat
          Annexation of Punjab
          Bethune school for girls started in Calcutta
          Annexation of Jaitpur and Sambalpur

1850: Penal annexation of a part of Sikkim

1852: 2nd Burmese War
          Annexation of Pegu
          Death of Baji Rao-II and stoppage of his pension

1853: 1st Railway line from Mumbai to Thane
          1st Telegraph line from Calcutta to Agra
          Annexation of Nagpur and Jhansi
          Cession of Berar by the Nizam
          Renewal of Company’s Charter
          Entrance into I.C.S. became open to completion

1854: Education Despatch by Sir Charles Wood

1855: The Santhal insurrection

1856: Annexation of Oudh
          The Universities Act
          Religious Disabilities Act
          Hindu Widow Remarriage Act
          Departure of Lord Dalhousie
          Appointment of Lord Canning as Governor General
          End of Crimean War
          General Service Order
          Persian War
          War in China (1856-60)
          Introduction of the Enfield Rifle and Greased Cartridges

1857: Beginning of Sepoy Mutiny
          Foundation of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras Universities

1858: January to March – Trial of Emperor Bahadur Shah-II
          July – Proclamation of peace by Lord Canning
          August – Govt. of India Act
          November – Proclamation of Queen Victoria;
                             Lord Canning appointed as Viceroy
          Abolition of East India Company

1859: Withdrawal of ‘Doctrine of Lapse’
          Indigo Revolt (1859-60) [Important leaders: Bishnu Charan Biswas, Digambar Biswas, Ram Ratan Mullick who is known as ‘Nanasaheb of Bengal’]
          Keshab Chandra Sen founded Sangat Sabha

1860: Enactment of Indian Penal Code
          End of Indigo Revolt

1861: Indian Council Act
          Establishment of High Courts
          Civil Services Act
          Famine in North-West India
          Enactment of the Codes of Criminal Prceddure
          M.G.Ranade founded ‘Widow Remarriage Association’ in Maharashtra (Widow Remarriage Act, 1856)
          Introduction of ‘Port-folio System’
          Birth of Rabindranath Tagore

1862: Retirement of Lord Canning;
          Lord Elgin-I appointed Viceroy (1862-63)
          Amalgamation of Supreme and Sadar Courts into High Courts;
          Implement of Indian Penal Code
          Girish Chandra Ghosh founded ‘Bengali’

1863: Birth of Swami Vivekananda

1864: Suppression of Wahabi Movement;
          Sir John Lawrence appointed as new Viceroy

1865: Battle of Bhutan
          Madras High Court established
          Famine in Orissa, Bengal and Madras;
          Foundation of London India Society
          Telegraphic Communication opened with Europe

1866: Division of Bramho Samaj
          Debendra Nath Tagore founded ‘Adi Bramho Samaj’
          Keshab Chandra Sen founded ‘Bharatiya Bramho Samaj’
          Rajnarayan Basu founded ‘Society for the promotion of National Feeling’
          Dadabhai Naoroji founded ‘East India Association’

1867: Naba Gopal Mitra founded ‘Hindu Mela’
          Natu Brothers founded ‘Puna Sarvajanik Sabha’ (the structure was built)

1868: Foundation of ‘Amrita Bazar Patrika’
          ‘Punjab Tenancy Act’ and ‘Ayodhya Tenancy Act’
          Opening of Railway line between Ambala to Delhi

1869: Telegraph connection between India and Europe
          Lord Mayo became Viceroy (1869-72)
          Visit of the Duke of Edinbrough
          Birth of M.K.Gandhi

1870: Keshab Chandra Sen founded ‘Indian Reform Association’
          M.G.Ranade founded ‘Poona Sarvajanik Sabha’
         
1872: 1st unofficial General Cencus by Lord Mayo (1st Statistical Survey)
          Lord Mayo killed by Sher Ali;
          Lord Northbrook appointed Viceroy (1872-76)
         
1873: Famine in Bihar (1873 – 74)

1875: Dayanada Saraswati founded ‘Arya Samaj’ in Bomay;
          ‘Kuka’ revolt in Punjab;
          Shri Shisir Kumar Ghosh founded India League
          Prince of Wales, Edward, visited India for the 1st time;
          Madam Blavatsky and Col. Olcott founded ‘The Theosophical Society’
          Sayad Ahmed Khan founded ‘Aligarh Movement’
          Deposition of Malhar Rao Gaekwad

1876: Retirement of Lord Northbrook;
          Lord Lytton-I became Voceroy (1876 – 80)
          Occupation of Quetta
          Outbreak of famine of Decan
          Royal Title Act passed
          S.N.Banerjee founded ‘India Association’
          Dramatic Performance Act passed
          Age of I.C.S. exam lowered from 21 to 19

1877: 1st Jan-Delhi Durbar by Lord Lytton;
          Queen Victoria became the ‘Empress of India’

1878: Arms Act and Vernacular Press Act (Gagging Act) passed during the time of Lord Lytton;
          Richer Starchy Commission was the first Famine Commission;
          Ananda Mohan Bose and Shibnath Shastri founded Sadharan Bramho Samaj
          2nd Anglo-Afgan War (1878 – 80)

1879: Treaty of Gandamark between Lord Lytton and Yakub Ali

1880: Keshab Chandra Sen founded ‘ Naba Bidhan Bramho Samaj’
          Resignation of Lord Lytton-I;
          Lord Ripon became Viceroy (1880 – 84)

1881: 1st Factory Act
          1st Government Census (Population 215 million)
          Rendition of Mysore

1882: Local Self Government established first time in India
          Repeal of Vernacular Press Act
          Hunter Commission on education
          Foundation of Punjab University

1883: The Ilbert Bill
          Implement of Famine Court
          Age of ICS is raised form 18 to 21
          S.N.Banerjee founded ‘Indian National Conference’

1884: Resignation of Lord Ripon;
          Lord Duffrin became Viceroy
          A.O.Hume founded ‘Indian National Union’  in Pune
          M.G.Ranade founded ‘Decan Education Society’


1885: Foundation of Indian National Congress (Former name was Indian National Union)
          Bengal Tenancy Act (Bengal Local Self-Government Act)
          3rd Anglo-Burmese War

1886: Annexation of Upper Burma
          Restoration of Gwalior fort
          Lala Hansraj founded – Dayananda Anglo Vaidic Education Society in Lahore
          Indian Association merged with INC

1887: Shiv Narayan Agnihotri founded Dev Samaj in Lahore
          Queen Victoria’s Jubilee

1888: Resignation of Lord Duffrin;
          Lord Lansdown became Viceroy (1888-94)
          Sayiad Ahemed Khan founded Indian Patriotic Association

1889: 2nd visit of Edwar, Prince of Wales
          Participation of Women in INC – Kadambini Ganguli
          Pritilata Waddeder’s birth centenary

1890: Mirza Ghulam Ahmed started Ahmediya Movement

1891: Age of Consent Act by B.M.Malabari (Marriage of girls below 12 years was prohibited)
          2nd Factory Act
          Manipur Rebellion

1892: Indian Councils Act
          Foundation of Madras Hindu Association
          Gandhi went to England

1893: Durand’s mission to Kabul
          Ganapati Festival performed by B.G.Tilak
          Chicago Address by Vivekananda (at the age of 30)

1894: Lord Elgin-II became Viceroy (1894-99)

1995: Shivaji Festical by B.G.Tilak

1996: Plague in Bombay (1896-1900)
          Famine (1896-97)
          ‘No Revenue’ Movement started by Tilak
          ‘Bande Mataram’ song was sung for the first time in Kolkata

1997: Famine Commission
          Murder of Rand & Ayrst by Cahpekar Brothers (1st Political Murder of India)
          Foundation of Ram Krishna Mission by Vivekananda
          Foundation of Atamaunnoti Samity

1899: Lord Curzon became Viceroy (1899-1905)
          V.D.Savarkar founded Mitra Mela
          Munda Revolt (Ul-Gulan) by Birsha Munda

1900: Famine
          Land Alienation Act

1901: Death of Queen Victoria & Accession of King Edward-VII
           The North-West Frontier Province was created

1902: Death of Swami Vivekananda
          Foundation of Religion Commission
          Anushilan Samity formed in Kolkata by Satish Chandra Basu (President – Pramatha Nath Mitra)
          Dawn Society formed; worked on the spread of National Education by Satish Chandra Mukherjee
          Lord Curzon passed the Ralley Commission (Two Indians are Gurudas Banerjee and Sayiad Hussain Bilgami)

1903: Risley Proposal on Bengal Partition published by Andrew Frazer (Lt. Governer of Bengal)
          M.K. Gandhi partly translated Plato’s ‘Republic’ in Gujrati
          M.K. Gandhi published ‘ Indian Opinion’ from South Africa
          Foundation of National Indian Congress
          Younghusband’s Mission – Tibetan Expedition (1903-04)

1904: Ancient Monument Preservation Act was passed by Lord Curzon
          University Act was passed by Lord Curzon
          Cooperative Societies Act passed
          The name ‘Mitra Mela’ was changed to ‘Abhinaba Bharat’
          Younghusband’s Mission – Military expedition to Tibet
          Gandhi founded ‘Phoneix Firm’ at Durban in South Africa

1905: Lord Minto-II became Viceroy (1905-10)
          Morley became Secretary of State
          Congress Session in Benaras
          Partition of Bengal Movement announced on 19th July
          Partition of Bengal Movement implemented on 16th October
          Ramendra Sundar Tribedi protested by celebrating ‘Arandhan’ Festival
          R.N. Tagore celebrated Rakhi Bandhan
          Swadeshi & Boycott started
          Dhaka Anushilian Samity was founded by Pulin Bihari Das
          Gokhle founded Servants of India Society
          India’s first Labour Union was founded : Printer’s Association
          India House & Indian Homerule Society founded in London by Shyamji Krishnaverma

1906: Congress Session in Calcutta
          Muslim League was founded by Nawab Salimullah & Aga Khan in Dhaka
          Jugantar Dal was founded by Bhupendra Nath Dutta & Barin Ghosh
          Foundation of Bengal Volunteers by Hem Chandra Ghosh
          Sandhya Patrika was founded by Bramho Bandhav Upadhyay
          Bengal Council for Education founded by Satish Chandra Mukherjee [Bengal National School lather to be established as Jadavpur University, 1st President – Rash Bihari Ghosh & 1st Principal – Aurobindo Ghosh]
          M.K. Gandhi started Natal Satyagraha in South Africa
          Shimla Deputation to Minto-II by Aga Khan [for providing benefits to Muslims in Govt. jobs]
          Bipin Chandra Pal published Vande Mataram magazine (editor: Aurobindo Ghosh)

 1907: Madam Cama unfurled India flag in International Socialist Congress at Stuttgart on 18th August 1907
          Bharatmata magazine published by Ajit Singh in Punjab;
          LalaLajpat Rai and Ajit Singh deported to Mandalayay;
          Tata Iron and Steel plant established near Sakchi;
          Surat split: Separation  of Extremists and Moderates in INC;
          Anglo-Russian Convention;

1908: 30th April – Muzaffarpur Incident by PrafullaChaki and Khudiram Bose attempted to kill Kingsford, Magistrate of Muzaffarpur (supported by Tilak)
          1st May – PrafullaChaki committed suicide at Mokama railway station
          Khudiram Bose was arrestedand tried (Alipore Conspiracy Case)
          11th August – Khudiram Bose was hanged
          Tilak deported to Manadalayay for 6 years
          Newspaper Act

1909: Morley-Minto reforms
          S.P. Sinha who was the 1st Indian to be appointed in Viceroy’s Executive Council
          Mr. Jackson was killed by Ananta Kanheri
          Madan Lal Dhingra killed CuzonWillyie in London
          1st Political murder in abroad &Dhingra became the 1st Indian Martyr abroad
          Gandhi published ‘Hind Swaraj’

1910: Lord Hardinge became Viceroy (1910-16)
          Gandhi founded ‘Tolstoy Firm’ in Johannesburg
          Nasik Conspiracy Case
          Dhaka Conspiracy Case

1911: Coronation of King George-V and Queen Mary or Delhi Durbar
          ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was sang for the first time.
          31st December – Transfer of Capital (at the time of Lord Hardinge-II)
          12th December – Bengal Partition repealed
          Gateway of India was built
          ‘Jana Gana Mana’ was sang for the first time in INC Calcutta Session

1912: W.B. Yeats translated Gitanjali in English
          Baqipur Congress Session
          Delhi Conspiracy Case: Basanta Biswas and Rash Bihari Bose tried to kill Viceroy Lord Hardinge-II (main accused Rash Bihari Bose fled from jail)

1913: LalaHaradayal founded Gadar Party in San Francisco (1st President was Soham Singh Bakna)
          RabindraNath Tagore was awarded Nobel Prize

1914: 1st World War stated ( 4th August: declaration of War; 26th September: Indian troops landed on France)
          KamagataMaruJapani Ship incident – on 29th September, It reaches Budge Budge, Calcutta
          Victoria Conspiracy Case

1915: Battle of Buribalam (BaghaJatin became martyr)
          Benaras Conspiracy Case; main accused SachindranathSanyal
          9th January: M.K. Gandhi came back to India permanently on request of Gopal Krishna Gokhle (NRI day)
          Defence of India Act

1916: Lord Chelmsford became Viceroy (1916-21)
          Congress reunited
          Lucknow Pact signed between Tilak (INC) & Jinnah (Muslim League)
          Muslim League joined INC
          Tilak and Annie Besant started ‘Home Rule Movement’
          Gandhi established ‘Sabarmati Ashram’ in Gujrat
          Madan Mohan Malavya founded Benaras Hindu University (BHU)
          Foundation of Women’s University in Poona

1917: Sadler Education Commission
          Gandhi started ‘Chamaran Satyagraha’ (on request of Raj Kumar Shukla)
          Annie Besant became the first woman president in the Calcutta session of INC

1918: India declared eligible for King’s Commission
          S.N. Banerjee founded ‘National Liberal Federation’
          Gandhi started ‘Kheda Satyagraha’
          Ballav Bhai Patel and IndullYaggik also lead ‘ Kheda Satyagraha’.
          Kheda Satyagraha was the 1st Civil Disobedience Movement started by Gandhi
          Ahmadabad Satyagraha; Ahmadabad Mill Strike; use of hunger strike as weapon for the 1st time in India; Leaders: Mahatma Gandhi &AnusuaBhen

1919: Rolatt Satyagraha
          1st All India Stayagraha movement (Leaders: Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, B.V. Patel)
          Indian National Federation supported Rowlatt Act
          JalianwallahBagh massacre
          Hunder Commission to investigate JalianwallahBagh massacre
          Montague-Chemsford reforms Act; Province Diarchy
          Treaty of Varsai signed
          Rabindranath Tagore returned Kingthood in protest of JalawallahBagh incident.
          Khilafat Movement started by Moulana Muhammad Ali, MoulanaSoukat Ali, HazratMohani, AbulKalam Azad, Abdul Bari

1920: All India Trade Union Congress was founded by Narayan Malahar Joshi (1st President: LalaLajpat Rai; 1st General Secretary: DiwanChawan Lal)
          Communist Party of India founded by ManbendraNath Roy;
Abani Mukherjee and Md. Ali founded Communist Party in Tashkhand
All India Khilafat Committee was presided over by Mahatma Gandhi
          1st August: Mahatma Gandhi returned (1920-22) during the time of Viceroy – Lord Chelmsford
          Non-Cooperation Movement resoluted in Calcutta INC in September, and it was passed in Nagpur Session of INC in December’1920
          Annie Besant, Bipin Chandra pal and Md. Ali Jinnah did not participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement
          Lord Sinha appointed Governor of Bihar & Orissa
          Death of B.G. Tilak

1921: Lord Reading became Viceroy (1921-26)
          Visit of Edward, Prince of Wales
          General Cencus – The Year of Great Divide
          Communist Party of India registered
          ‘Moplah Revolt’ started in Kerala; Chief leaders were Kunhammed Haji& Ali Musaliar
          C.R. Das arrested by British police and sentenced to imprisonment
          Akali Movement started by Master Tara Singh in Punjab
          Ekka Movement started by MadariPasi

1922: 5th February- Chauri-Chaura Massacre; Chief leader was BhagwanAhir
          11th& 12th February – Non-Cooperation Movement called off at the time of Lord Ridding
          Ganjhiji and J.L. Nehru were sentenced to imprisonment for 6 years and 1 year 6 months respectively
          BallavVai Patel started Flag/Jhanda Satyagraha or Nagpur Satyagraha in Nagpur
          Resignation of Montague

1923: 1st January: C.R. Das &Motilal Nehru left INC and formed ‘Swarajya Party’ (Founder President was C.R. Das, Founder Secretary: Motilal Nehru on 28th December’1922)
          1st May: May Day first time observed in India in Madras, Initiated by SingaraverluuChettiyer
          Certification of Salt Tax
         
1924: ‘Hindustan Republican Association’ founded by SachindraNathSannyal, Ram Prasad Bismil and Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee in Kanpur
          Mahatma Gandhi for the 1st&lat time presided over INC in Belgaon session
          Kanpur BalaSebik Conspiracy Case – Main accused of Kanpur Conspiracy Case: Mufaffar Ahmed, S.A. Dange, SoukatUsmani and Nalini Gupta
          Barsad Satyagraha in Kerala; this is the 1st Temple Entry Satyagraha (Leaders: T.K. Madhavan and K.Kelappan)
          End of Rampa Revolt – Alluri Sitaram Raju

1925: Communist Party of India founded by SingaraverluChettiyer (He is considered as the 1st Communist of South India)
          Death of C.R. Das
          RashtriyaSwayamSevak Sangha (RSS) founded in Nagpur by K.B. Hedgaware (another centre was Amarabati)
          Sarojini Naidu was the 1st Indian woman President of INC in Kanpur Session
          Death of S.N. Banerjee
          Lord Lytton-II officiated Viceroy

1926: Lord Irwin became Viceroy (1926-31)
          Independent Congress Party founded by Madan Mohan Malabya and Lala Lajpat Rai
          Nao-Jawan Bharat Sabha founded by Bhagat Singh in Firoz-Shah (Delhi)
          Responsive Cooperation Party founded by B.S. Monji & M.R. Jaykar

1927: International Congress on Colonial Operation and Imperialism (Conference) held at Brussels, capital of Belgium – attended by J.L. Nehru
          Simon Commission formed; Chairman: Sir John Simon
          All India Women’s Conference founded by Margaret Cousin in Poona
          INC Session, Madras – J.L. Nehru and M.A. Ansari pressurized the British for Complete Independence

1928: Simon Commission 3rd February arrived at Bombay
          On 16th October Lala Lajpat Rai became victim of Lathi Charge by Police Inspector Mr. Saunders while Lalaji leading a protest march opposing the Commssion
On 17th November Lalaji died of the wounds of the Lathi Charge
Nehru Report; 1st draft of Constitution written by the Indians (Actual author was Motilal Nehru)
Hindusthan Socialist Republican Association founded by Chandrasekhar Azad in Firoz-Shah, Delhi
Bardauli Satyagraha started at Bardauli in Gujrat under the leadership of Ballav Bhai Patel (on its success, the women of Bardauli gave him the title of ‘Sardar’)

1929: In March Meerut Conspiracy Case against the Communists
          33 Communist leaders, including 3 British Labour  Union Leader: Philip Spart, Benjamin Bradley and Hutchinson, were arrested by the British Police. Defense Lawyer was J.L. Nehru
          31st October ‘Diwali Declaration’ by Lord Irwin;
          Dominion Status would be given in India
          INC Lahore Session;
          Poona Swaraj resolution passed

1930: Dandi March started from 12th March to 6th April (also known as ‘Salt Satyagraha’)
          On 6th April Civil Disobedience Movement started (1930-34)
          Khan Abdul Gafar Khan formed ‘Khuda-I-Khidmadgar’ or ‘Lal Kurta Bahini’
          On 12th November 1st Round Table Conference (no one attended)

1931: On 5th March Gandhi-Irwin Pact
          Sept-Dec: 2nd Round Table Conference (Gandhiji represented INC)
          Lord Wellingdon became Viceroy (1931-36)

1932: January: Imprisonment of Gandhiji
          Congress prescribed severe repression
          Foundation of Indian Military Academy in Dehradun
          16th August: Communal Award by Ramsey Mc Donald
          25th September: Poona Pact
          3rd Round Table Conference

1933: On 1st August Gandhiji started Individual Civil Disobedience Movement
          Joint Select Committee
          White Paper on proposed reform published

1934: Civil Disobedience Movement called off
          Royal Indian Navy was created
          Earthquake in Bihar
          Factories Act
          All India Kisan Congress held at Lucknow under the Presidentship of Sahajanand Saraswati

1935: Government of India Act ( Chief source for Indian Constitution)

1936: Lord Linlithgow became Viceroy
          Death of Emperor George-V
          Accession and abdication of Edward-VIII, Accession of George-VI

1937: 1st Provincial Autonomy inaugurated
          Interim Ministries
          June: Viceregal Statement
July: Formation of Congress ministries in six provinces
Federal Court started

1939: On 3rd September 2nd World War begins
          On 17th October Viceroy’s announcement of Dominion status as the goal for Constitutional Development
          Resignation of Provincial Congress Ministries

1940: Muslim League declares for Pakistan

1941: Subhas Bose jumped home internment and went over land to Germany

1942: British capitulation in Burma and evacuation leaving 90,000 Indian Soldiers behind
          29th March: Cripps Mission
          April: Japan bombarded Vizag
          August: ‘Quit India Movement’
         
1943: The Bengal Famine
          Lord Wavell became Governor General (1943-47)

1944: Japan invasion of Assam

1945: Repulse of the Japanese army and Indian National Army near Kohima in Manipur

1946: On 18th February         Revolt of the Royal Indian Navy
          Cabinet Mission in India
          On 16th August, Direct Action Day observed by the Muslim League with bloody communal riots in Calcutta
          On 20th August Communal riots in Deccan
          On 2nd September Interim Govt. formed
          On 14th October Communal riots in Noakhali and Tipperah
          On 25th October Communal riots in Bihar
          On 26th October Muslim League joined the Interim Government
          On 9th December 1st Session of Constituent Assembly

1947: Lord Mountbatten became Governor General
          Communal riots in Punjab
          On 3rd June ‘3rd June Plan’ announced (Proposal for Partition of India & Independence) by Mountbatten to grant independence to India by partitioning into India & Pakistan
          On 15th August India became independent

1948: On 30th January Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi

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